Car accident lawyer Bow Bowing: drivers, passengers and fault

You don't need to decide who caused the crash at the scene, and it's wiser not to argue about it there. Swap details, stay calm and avoid guessing about speeds or blame. What helps most later is a clear record: photos of the vehicles' positions, the road layout and any witness who saw it happen, with their name and number.

• The lane each vehicle was in, and any lane change
• Where each car came to rest, photographed before moving if safe
• Names and phone numbers of anyone who saw it
• Weather, light and the road surface at the time

Being a passenger doesn't make fault irrelevant. It shifts the question to the drivers. If the driver of your car and another driver both contributed, your claim may involve both vehicles' insurers. Your own conduct can still come up in limited ways, such as not wearing a seatbelt or travelling with a driver you knew was affected by alcohol.

Many passengers hesitate to claim because the driver was someone close to them. It helps to know the claim is made against the CTP insurer, which exists for exactly this situation. The driver may be asked for their account, and any fault finding affects their own claim, not your right to make yours. Talk it through if you're worried about how it will land.

When three or more vehicles are involved, fault can be divided between several drivers. That affects which insurer deals with you and may affect how any damages are shared between insurers later. It generally doesn't stop you receiving statutory benefits while that is argued. If the insurers are still disputing it weeks after you lodge, advice is worth getting.

Passengers and drivers caught in the middle of a chain crash often feel stuck between insurers. Your claim generally shouldn't stall while the insurers sort out their shares. Keep a note of every call, who you spoke to and what they said. If no insurer will take responsibility, that is a good moment to ask for advice.

Contributory negligence means you are found to have contributed to the crash or to your own injuries. Common examples are not wearing a seatbelt, speeding, or travelling with a driver you knew had been drinking. It doesn't usually stop a claim. It can reduce weekly payments after 52 weeks and reduce damages, and above 61% you are treated as mostly at fault.

Dashcam footage is often the clearest evidence of fault, but many cameras record over themselves within hours or days. Save the original file as soon as you can, and don't trim or edit it. If another driver or a nearby business may have footage, ask early and in writing, because it may not be kept for long.

Some evidence only exists for a short time: skid marks, debris, temporary signs and camera footage. Other evidence can be gathered later, such as the police record and witness statements. If fault is disputed, a lawyer can ask for footage and records to be kept and, where the claim justifies it, obtain an expert opinion on how the crash happened.

• Dashcam footage, saved as the original file
• The police event number and any police record
• Photos of both vehicles' damage and final positions
• Independent witnesses' names and numbers

Think of the claim in two parts. Statutory benefits come first and, for most people, don't depend on who caused the crash. Common law damages come later and depend heavily on it: another driver must have been at fault, you must not have been mostly at fault, and the injury must be more than a threshold injury. That is why fault is worth attention early.

A fault finding isn't final just because the insurer has made it. Most insurer decisions can go to internal review, generally within 28 days of receiving the decision, and then to the Personal Injury Commission. Before you accept a finding that you were mostly at fault, have someone look at whether the evidence supports it, because so much turns on that line.